CRISPR - A Powerful Functional Genomic Tool in Crop Improvement
Keywords:
CRISPR, Cas, Spacer, Repeat, Crop Improvement.Abstract
CRISPR and CRISPR Associated (Cas) Proteins (CRISPR-Cas) system is a vital defense system found in bacteria and archea. CRISPR activity requires a set of Cas genes, found adjacent to the CRISPR, that codes for protein essential for immune response. CRISPR system works in three stages to carry out a full immune response to invading foreign DNA i.e. acquisition, expression and interference stage. Recently Type II CRISPR-Cas9 system has also been adapted to perform genome engineering by inducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) in host DNA that can be repaired by either non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR). Although the full potential of CRISPR-Cas9 has not been harnessed so far, this technology has already brought revolutionary changes in genomic research. CRISPR-Cas9 system has great potential for both research and therapeutics; however, improvements can still be made in its speci?city, efficiency and off target effects. With the advancement, the use of this system is increased in model plants as well as other crop plants like Arabidopsis, tobacco, maize, rice, wheat, sorghum, barley, brassica, soybean etc.Downloads
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