Factors Affecting Pre-Weaning Mortality in Gaddi Goats of Western Himalayas under Transhumance Production System

Abstract

The migratory/transhumance system of goat production traditionally followed by tribal 'Gaddi' community of Himachal Pradesh is generally associated with slower growth rate, high mortality and low survivability of kids which are main limiting factors in profitable goat husbandry. By analyzing different causes of mortality, it is possible to develop appropriate remedial strategies to improve productivity, reduce production losses due to ailments and mortality and increase overall profitability of this avocation. The present study was, therefore, conducted to analyze various factors associated with pre weaning mortality under migratory rearing of Gaddi goats. Pre weaning mortality incidence was studied in three field units under different migratory routes over a period of 3 years in relation to various predisposing factors and causes of mortality. The participatory rural appraisal technique and routine flock visits were adopted to collect the data on field units. The study revealed that weaning is practiced at 4-5 months of age and sub-optimal management practices were adopted for care and management of pregnant/lactating does and new born kids of Gaddi goats. Overall kid mortality incidence of 11.5 % and survival rate of 88.5 % up to weaning was recorded. Overall pre weaning mortality in base line (1st), 2nd&3rd year were obtained as 15.70%, 10.83% and 8.67 % respectively. Progressive reduction in mortality was observed over the years in different units that could be attributed to better management practices. From the study, it is evident that causes of pre weaning mortality were multifactorial and can be resolved by developing suitable and effective interventions.