Harnessing Polyploidy for Vegetable Crop Improvement: Strategies and Applications
Keywords:
Autopolyploids, Allopolyploids, Chromosome doubling, Gigas effect, Whole-genome duplication.Abstract
In the evolution and diversiï¬cation of plant species, polyploidization is the most common event. Polyploidy, also known as whole-genome duplication (WGD), occurs when a cell or organism has more than two sets of chromosomes per nucleus. Autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy are the two types of polyploidy. The former refers to chromosomal/genome duplication within the same species (AAAA), and the latter refers to genome hybridization followed by chromosome doubling. Scientists are becoming more interested in ploidy because of its beneï¬ts in genomic flexibility and long-term functional alterations, as well as its selective ability to respond to environmental changes. The “gigas†effect, is the most Visible result. Colchicine, a popular mitotic inhibitor, causes polyploidy in plants by blocking chromosomal segregation during cell division. Ploidy can be detected by using a variety of markers, including morphological, physiological, and molecular ones (counting chromosomes and estimating nuclear genome size using flow cytometry). Watermelon (Pusa Bedana and Arka Madhura), Cassava (Sree Harsha), and Palak (Pusa Jyoti)are among the vegetables that have beneï¬ted from polyploidy. As a result, polyploids have a lot of potential for use in breeding programs, particularly in terms of yield and tolerance.Downloads
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